Prosperity Theology is the teaching that believers have a right to the blessings of health and wealth and that they can obtain these blessings through positive confessions of faith and the “ sowing of seeds” through the faithful payment of tithes and offerings. However, the literature reveals that most adherents to the prosperity gospel are not prospering financially and prosperity preachers have been accused of feeding fat from the donations of church members. Even at that, millions of persons still cling to the prosperity gospel. Employing Max Weber’ s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, a survey of 300 respondents was carried out aimed at examining the proposition that poverty and illiteracy are factors encouraging continuous adherence to the theology of prosperity. It also examined the accusation that prosperity preachers’ wealth is largely dependent on their congregants’ donations. The study reveals that poverty and illiteracy are associated with continuous adherence to the prosperity gospel. It also indicates that prosperity preachers usually enrich themselves largely from the donations of their congregants. Practical recommendations were thereafter submitted on how the problems gleaned from the study could be ameliorated.

In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive power DISPATCH method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

Co-opting physicians to regulate Fee-for-Service (FFS) payment is more feasible and simpler to administer than capitation, Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) and pay-for-performance. The key lies in designing and revising the fee SCHEDULE, which not only defines and sets the fee for each item, but also the conditions of BILLING. Adherence to these regulations must be strictly audited in order to control volume and costs, and to assure quality. The fee SCHEDULE requires periodic revisions on an item-by-item basis in order to maintain balance among the providers, to list new drugs, devices and equipment, and to reflect the lower market prices of existing ones. Implementing the fee SCHEDULE will facilitate the control of balance BILLING and extra BILLING, and the introduction of more sophisticated methods of payment in the future.

The wireless communication with delivering variety of services to users is growing rapidly in recent years. The third generation of cellular networks (3G), and local wireless networks (WLAN) are the two widely used technologies in wireless networks.3G networks have the capability of covering a vast area; while, WLAN networks provide higher transmission rates with less coverage. Since the two networks have complementary properties, some attempts are made for their integration which could lead to an advantageous heterogeneous network. In such a heterogeneous network, provision of services like authentication, BILLING and quality of service are essential. In this article, a new mutual authentication protocol, namely, Non-Reputation BILLING Protocol (NRBP) is proposed based on extensible authentication protocols. This authentication scheme provides a non-repudiation property for the BILLING problem. The proposed scheme is analyzed based on di erent security features and computation overhead. In comparison with previous approaches, this protocol contains all the considered security parameters. Moreover, the computation overhead of this protocol is less than other schemes.

boundary value problems. In general, classical numerical methods fail to produce good approximations for the singular boundary value problems. In this paper, Chebyshev finite difference (ChFD) method and DTM-Pad’e method, which is a combination of differential transform method (DTM) and Pad´e approximant, are applied for solving singular boundary value problems arising in the reaction CUM diffusion process in a spherical biocatalyst. ChFD method can be regarded as a non-uniform finite difference scheme and DTM is a numerical method based on the Taylor series expansion, which constructs an analytical solution in the form of a polynomial. The main advantage of DTM is that it can be applied directly to nonlinear ordinary without requiring linearization, discretization or perturbation. Therefore, it is not affected by errors associated to discretization. The results obtained, are in good agreement with those obtained numerically or by optimal homotopy analysis method.